Define and differentiate between positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, and punishment. Give an example of each.
What will be an ideal response?
Positive reinforcement:
• Definition: A behavior when followed by a consequence increases the likelihood of the rate of occurrence of the behavior.
• Example: Zoe wants to gain her teachers attention. When she raises her hand her teacher walks over to Zoe and begins to engage her in conversation, the attention of the teacher upon Zoe raising her hand increases the likelihood that Zoe will raise her hand again to gain her teacher's attention.
Negative reinforcement:
• Definition: A behavior when followed by the removal of an environmental condition or reduced intensity increases the likelihood of the rate of the occurrence of the behavior.
• Example: John's mother is constantly nagging him to complete his homework when he gets home from school. John completes his homework and his mother's nagging stops increasing in the likelihood that he will complete his homework when he gets home from school.
Punishment:
• Definition: A behavior when followed by a consequence reduces the likelihood of rate of the occurrence of the behavior
• Example: Sara yells out in class. As result of her yelling out during class, she is not allowed to eat lunch with her friends, which results in Sara not yelling out in class.
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The technical name for normal distribution of scores is called a(n) ______ normal distribution.
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).
What is the Developmentally Appropriate Practice statement?
a. A series of activities promoting social skills and literacy. b. A research report presenting statistics highlighting the importance of quality programs for young children living with limited incomes. c. Guidelines for sensitively working with linguistically diverse children. d. A framework of guidelines outlining sound practice based on developmental theory and culturally responsive teaching.
Describe two ways teachers can informally assess students' language abilities
What will be an ideal response?
Which reading assessment procedure involves systematically measuring andevaluating student mistakes?
A. clinical observation B. cloze C. diagnostic checklist of silent reading D. miscue analysis