Infants suffer their peak level of distress from stranger anxiety at the average age of about ____ months
a. three
b. six
c. nine
d. 15
C
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Why might negative emotions produce moral behavior, according to both contemporary and psychoanalytic explanations?
A. Acting badly produces a rebound effect, in which people then want to act morally. B. The experience of both morality and contempt are closely linked in nearby brain structures. C. Children may act in moral, prosocial ways to avoid feelings of personal distress or guilt. D. Negative emotions spur the id to "challenge" the superego to enact moral behavior.
One reason that a diagnosis of personality disorders is challenging to make is that ____
a. the symptoms are subtle b. the stigma for clients is so great that most therapists don't want to diagnose them c. people with personality disorders often seek out therapy for other problems, which confounds diagnosis d. cultures vary in social behaviors, and may lead to biases in diagnosis
Drawbacks to punishment include all of the following EXCEPT that
a. punishment may encourage aggression. b. people and situations associated with punishment may become feared or disliked. c. punishment may encourage escape and avoidance learning. d. punishment has not been shown to be effective in suppressing behaviors.
John has a lot of resentment and anger toward his father who "ran out" on him and his mother when John was 13 years old. Because John's therapist follows the Gestalt approach, this therapist is likely to emphasize all of the following EXCEPT having John
a. take responsibility for his own feelings and actions. b. discuss how his childhood experiences caused his feelings. c. focus on what he wants to do rather than what he should do. d. become more aware of his moment-to-moment thoughts.