The discovery of antibodies and the understanding of their actions lead to

A. improved vaccine design.
B. the development of genetically engineered vaccines.
C. improved methods of immunization.
D. the development of passive immunotherapy.
E. the use of the technique known as variolation.


Answer: D

Biology & Microbiology

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At rest, a cell has a ________ charge inside of the cell and a ________ charge outside of the cell.

Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).

Biology & Microbiology

The rate of background extinctions is calculated to be species per year per million species.

A. 0.1 to 1.0 B. 1.0 to 10 C. 0.001 to 0.01 D. 10 to 100 E. None of the answer choices is correct.

Biology & Microbiology

Match each tissue/ organ with its status regarding our current understanding of its resident microbiota:

a. skin and mucus membranes b. bladder and urine c. brain 1. no known microbes, but microbial DNA has been detected 2. believed to harbor some microbes 3. definitively know to harbor microbes

Biology & Microbiology

A certain type of congenital deafness in humans is caused by a rare autosomal (not X-linked) dominant gene

(a) In a mating involving a deaf man and a deaf woman (both heterozygous), would you expect all the children to be deaf? Explain your answer. (b) In a mating involving a deaf man and a deaf woman (both heterozygous), could all the children have normal hearing? Explain your answer. (c) Another form of deafness is caused by a rare autosomal recessive gene. In a mating involving a deaf man and a deaf woman, could some of the children have normal hearing? Explain your answer.

Biology & Microbiology