Describe the treatment for hyperkalemia
Treatment of the underlying cause is crucial in correcting hyperkalemia. In a short-term emergency situation, calcium gluconate can be given intravenously to decrease the abnormalities in cardiac cells that could lead to cardiac arrest. Additionally, both glucose and insulin can be used to shift potassium from the ECF to the ICF. Correction of any acid-base imbalance also results in potassium movement into the ICF. Cation exchange resins such as Kayexalate can be given to allow the exchange of sodium for potassium in the large intestine. For long-term treatment, dialysis and a potassium-restricted diet are primary interventions to control hyperkalemia. It is also crucial to prevent malnutrition through adequate nutrition support.
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