An athlete training for several hours outside on a summer day
with minimal water intake is at risk of becoming dehydrated.
What are some signs and symptoms of dehydration? Describe
the hormonal responses that would be elicited in the athlete
and name their stimuli.
A dehydrated person might become confused, experience
muscular weakness, and start to exhibit poor coordination.
The effects could become more severe and lead to seizures
and coma. If dehydration is left untreated, the consequences
can be deadly. Hormonal responses: Under these conditions,
antidiuretic hormone would be released from the pituitary
gland in response to the decreased blood volume. This
hormone would instruct the kidneys to retain water.
Aldosterone would also be released from the adrenal glands
in response to lower blood pressure. Aldosterone instructs
the kidneys to retain sodium, thus limiting water losses.
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a. hydrogenation. b. denaturation. c. digestion. d. condensation. e. hydrolysis.
Gallstones are formed mainly from ________.
A. minerals B. cholesterol C. pancreatic secretions D. phospholipids
Food-borne illnesses can be caused by _____
a. nutrient deficiency only b. bacteria only c. algae only d. nutrient deficiency and algae e. bacteria and algae
Which of the following statements describes how phytochemicals may be involved in disease processes?
A) They inhibit the initiation of cancer. B) They act as antioxidants and prevent damage to cells. C) They block enzymes that promote cancer. D) They decrease the formation of blood clots. E) All of the above