A nursing diagnosis of hopelessness would be considered for an individual who:
a. Was consistently overprotected by family members
b. Was raised by parents who were strict disciplinarians
c. Had inconsistent, unpredictable physical care as an infant
d. As a teenager always felt unaccepted by his social peers
ANS: C
A sense of hope is the outcome of Erikson's stage of trust versus mistrust. Inconsistent, un-predictable, and discontinuous care would lead to hopelessness and to a mistrust of self and the world. No data are given to support any of the other diagnoses.
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