Based on the endosymbiont theory, which of the following would you expect to find in a chloroplast?
A. cellulose
B. a nucleus
C. silica
D. DNA
E. a mitochondrion
Answer: D. DNA
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Toll-like receptors (TLRs) bind molecules on pathogens. Why is this helpful to the immune response?
A. It provides a highly specific response to very small and highly unique areas on an individual pathogenic microbe, providing the most specific and selective response possible. B. It provides a general response to broad categories of molecules/cells that should NOT be in our system, as we don't have these molecules on our own cells. C. These secreted molecules help bind pathogens and then direct them to receptors on the immune system cells that are best capable of eliminating them from our systems. TLRs are delivery mechanisms for the immune responses. D. TLRs are capable of directly lysing (destroying) the microbes, helping our immune responses by eliminating pathogens.
The breast muscle of turkeys and chickens is usually referred to as light meat, whereas that of wild ducks and geese is described as dark meat. How might this be explained?
A. Turkeys and chickens are not closely related to ducks and geese. B. Turkeys and chickens do not fly for sustained periods, whereas wild ducks and geese do. C. The muscles of ducks and geese do not contain myosins. D. The darker body color of ducks and geese provides protective camouflage against predators.
In chain termination sequencing, DNA replication halts in a polymerase chain reaction, owing to the incorporation of a chemically altered base into a growing DNA chain. When this occurs, a ________ results.
A) partial DNA molecule B) template strand C) complementary sequence D) first-generation DNA molecule
Precipitation tests involve all of the following, except
A.) they rely on formation of visible clumps for detection B.) they include the VDRL test for syphilis C.) they are often performed in agar gels D.) they can be done in a test tube by carefully adding antiserum over antigen solution E.) a cloudy or opaque zone developing where antigen and antibody react