A pregnant patient at 35 weeks' gestation gives birth to a healthy baby boy. What factors regarding the development of the normal respiratory system should the nurse consider when performing an assessment of the neonate?
a. As the fetus approaches term, there is an increase in the secretion of intrapulmonary fluid.
b. Lung expansion after birth suppresses the release of surfactant.
c. Surfactant causes an increased surface tension within the alveoli, which allows for alveolar reexpansion following each exhalation.
d. Under normal circumstances, by the 34th to 36th weeks of gestation, surfactant is produced in sufficient amounts to maintain alveolar stability.
ANS: d
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a. As the fetus approaches term, there is a decrease in the secretion of intrapulmonary fluid, which assists in reducing the pulmonary resistance to blood flow and facilitates the initiation of air breathing.
b. Lung expansion after birth stimulates the release of surfactant, a slippery, detergent-like lipoprotein.
c. Surfactant causes a decreased surface tension within the alveoli, which allows for alveolar reexpansion following each exhalation.
d. Under normal circumstances, by the 34th to 36th weeks of gestation, surfactant is produced in sufficient amounts to maintain alveolar stability.
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