Why are membrane-bounded organelles able to facilitate faster chemical reactions?
a. Membranes are permeable to all solutes and their enzymes.
b. Enzymes are organized close together on the membrane surface.
c. Membranes lower the activation energy of biochemical reactions.
d. Membrane-bounded organelles act as catalysts for biochemical reactions.
e. Enzymes are more readily available within membrane-bounded organelles
b
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Which of the following characteristics of transcription initiation by ?70-containing polymerase holoenzymes is different than for ?54-containing polymerase holoenzymes?
A. The holoenzyme binds to its promoter to initially form a closed complex. B. The formation of the closed complex is readily reversible. C. The closed complex spontaneously converts to the open complex. D. The opening of the DNA duplex is accompanied by energetically favorable conformational changes in the holoenzyme. E. Initiation is primer-independent.
Which of the following statements is true of filtration by the kidneys?
a. About 25% of the plasma passing through the glomerulus becomes part of the glomerular filtrate. b. Solutes dissolved in the plasma, such as glucose, amino acids, and various salts, become part of the filtrate. c. The normal glomerular filtration rate adds up to about 80 L every 24 hours. d. Approximately 75% of the filtrate is reabsorbed into the blood through the renal tubules. e. The filtration membrane prevents the passage of cells, but allows large molecules to pass through.
While Deinococci can be isolated from sources such as meat and feces, their true natural habitat remains unknown.
Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)
At desmosomes, cadherin molecules are connected to ________________
(a) actin filaments. (b) intermediate filaments. (c) microtubules. (d) gap junctions.