Daniela and Alicia are conducting a systematic observation study on children's aggressive behavior in playgrounds. Daniela concludes that boys display more aggressive behaviors than do girls, whereas Alicia concludes the opposite. Which methodological issue would be of most concern in this study?
What will be an ideal response?
reliability
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In a famous early study in social psychology, fans of two rival football teams were asked to watch footage of an actual game that was very close. Researchers found that fans of the two teams literally "saw" different games; things that were deemed "out" by fans of one team, for example, were deemed "in" by fans of the other. This was early evidence of the phenomenon known as ____
a. counterfactual thinking b. the illusory correlation c. the confirmation bias d. the simulation heuristic
Which of the following is true related to the effects of rape and talking to others? a. Younger victims are more likely to tell someone than older victims
b. Nearly all victims of rape tell someone about it within the first year following the attack. c. Women typically report that feelings of depression and anxiety subside within 6 months after an assault. d. Women who were raped by acquaintances experience more anxiety, fear, and depression than women who were raped by strangers.
The chapter on working memory discussed several studies about individual differences in working memory. Which of the following students provides the best information about how working memory is related to academic skills?
a. Samantha: "People who have an unusually large capacity in their episodic buffer are likely to earn poor grades in school." b. Aroona: "People who are especially skilled on a task that uses the central executive are likely to score high in reading comprehension." c. Sanjay: "The research failed to support Baddeley's model; most academic tasks require the equal participation of all four components of working memory." d. James: "The research failed to support Baddeley's model; there is no relationship between central-executive skills and a wide variety of other measures that should be related to the central executive and a wide variety of academic skills."
Which of the following is NOT present in the preoperational stage?
a. the ability to reverse thoughts or operations b. egocentric thought c. the ability to think symbolically d. the tendency to confuse words with the objects they represent