Explain the focus of study and the teacher's role in each of the following educational philosophies: essentialism, progressivism, perennialism, social reconstructionism, and existentialism. As part of your answer, also indicate the key figure(s) associated with each approach. Which philosophy seems most consistent with your own beliefs? Explain

What will be an ideal response?


ANS: Essentialism (William Bagley) focuses on the core knowledge that students need to be educated citizens, grounded in traditional academic disciplines. The teacher is a central figure, transferring knowledge to students. Progressivism (John Dewey) focuses on integrating study with real-life experiences through active learning and experimentation. The teacher's role is to structure learning activities and encourage students to explore ideas. Perennialism (Mortimer Adler) suggests that the enduring ideas that can be found in the great works of literature and art are should be the focus of education. As in essentialism, the teacher's role is central; however, the teacher engages students in dialogue and reasoning rather than merely transferring knowledge. Social reconstructionism (Paolo Freire) presents schools as places to promote social and political reform. Instruction focuses on critical thinking about social problems and the need for change. Existentialism (Soren Kierkegaard and Jean Paul Sartre) is the most student-centered of these educational philosophies. Students choose their own course of study as part of an effort to seek the meaning of their own existence. The teacher supports this process. Responses to the last portion will vary, but will most probably combine progressivism with perennialism.

Education

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Although every effort will be made to develop proactive procedures that decrease the likelihood of problem behaviors, family and staff should assume

a. That a well-designed behavior support plan will be effective b. That any problem behaviors observed in an individual in the past will occur in the future c. Both of the above d. Neither of the above

Education

Jill is an ethnographic researcher who is interested in the before school gymnasium club (BSGC) students. Students in the BSGC come to school early each day to play unstructured games in the middle school gym. Which of the following is a typical data collection scenario for her research?

a. Jill collects surveys from parents and teachers regarding the BSGC. b. Jill considers the trends of number of students in the BSGC for an academic year. c. Jill goes to BSGC and observes student behaviors for the academic year. d. Jill surveys BSGC students' and non BSGC students' overall activity level and BMI.

Education

Family cohesion refers to which of the following:

a. The close emotional bonding families feel with one another b. How often families attend church or other activities c. The level of independence family members feel within the family system d. A & C

Education