What structures in the respiratory tract assist in removing foreign bodies such as smoke and bacteria?
a. Villi
b. Golgi bodies
c. Ciliary hairs
d. Erector pili
ANS: C
Normally, respiratory tract fluid forms a protective layer over the trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles. Foreign bodies, such as smoke particles and bacteria, are caught in the respiratory tract fluid and are swept upward by ciliary hairs that line the bronchi and trachea to the larynx, where they are removed by the cough reflex. The villi are hair-like protrusions into the intestine emanating from the wall of the intestine. The purpose of the villi is to slow the passage of food and allow food particles to be captured among these finger-like villi so that the blood inside the villi can absorb the nutrients in the food. The primary function of the Golgi apparatus, an organelle found in most eukaryotic cells, is to process proteins targeted to the plasma membrane, lysosomes, or endosomes and those that will be formed from the cell and to sort them within vesicles. Thus, it functions as a central delivery system for the cell. Erector pili are small muscles that cause hairs on the skin to rise when contracted.
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