Which U.S. penologist advocated the Irish system in the United States and became the first superintendent of the Elmira Reformatory?
a. Sir Walter Crofton
b. Sanford Bates
c. Zebulon R. Brockway
d. Alexander Maconochie
c
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The contagion effect is often associated with which relationship between new media and criminality?
a. New media and performance crime b. New media and new crime c. Old crimes in new ways d. New media and copycat crime
Rape awareness programs help individuals recognize the risk factors associated with violent behavior
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
The distinction between principles and accessories is only important in misdemeanors and felonies. Only in treason are all parties principles
a. True b. False
According to John Watkins Jr., attorney and criminal justice professor, three central elements must be proven to establish liability on the part of parole and probation officials. Which of the following is NOT one of those elements?
A. the existence of a legal duty owed the public B. evidence of a breach to friends and family of the parolee or probationer C. an injury or damage to a person or group proximately caused by the breach of duty D. evidence of a breach of the required standard of duty