Compare and contrast the reductionist and holistic models of studying human behavior.
What will be an ideal response?
Reductionism is the breaking down of complex phenomena into simpler components. It begins with a broad explanation of society and culture and then is brought down into a narrower explanation of mental systems and behavior. Reduction to the most basic level of neurobehavioral processes should be achieved. While this method is very detailed-oriented and easily gets down to the very basic elements of life, it can be criticized for allowing a lot of other information to be overlooked by the forced reduction of ideas. Holistic models prefer to look at the interaction of all of the elements of the individual and recognize that most behaviors are influenced by multiple factors. An example of this is the biopsychosocial model. This approach can be criticized, though, because through it we do not learn about the most basic of elements that contribute to behavior.
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Girls and boys are usually reared according to:
a. the norms of the neighborhood where they were raised. b. the explicit wishes of the grandparents. c. books on parenting. d. traditional stereotypes.
Cam sees little connection between his own actions and the occurrence of rewards in his life. He believes that most things that happen in his life are a matter of luck. Cam appears to have:
a. an internal locus of control b. high self-efficacy c. an external locus of control d. low self-efficacy
The Whorfian hypothesis of linguistic relativity contends that language:
A. provides an unlimited capacity to express thoughts and emotions. B. is not necessary to experience emotions. C. shadows the actual experience of thoughts and emotions. D. creates thought and experience.
Name the term given for perceived environmental demands that may produce stress.
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).