The foramen ovale in the fetal heart is located in the
A) right atrium.
B) left atrium.
C) right ventricle.
D) left ventricle.
E) interatrial septum.
E
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Diapedesis is
a. the process of white blood cells engulfing and destroying invading organisms b. the process of leukocytes squeezing through pores of the capillary wall into the surrounding interstitial fluid c. the attraction of white blood cells to areas of injury, inflammation, and bacterial invasion d. a feature exhibited by platelets e. the linking together of a foreign cell and a phagocytic cell
An experimental treatment cultures stem cells from a newborn's umbilical cord. In a lab dish, the stem cells give rise to type II cells, which in turn give rise to more type I cells. These stem cells will be added to the extracellular matrix of a donated lung which has been stripped of its respiratory cells. How will the cells act after they grow in the donated lung?
A. The stem cells will directly replace alveoli. B. The type II cells will secrete surfactant and the type I cells will form the respiratory membrane in the alveoli. C. Both type I and type II cells will produce surfactant. D. The type I cells will secrete surfactant and the type II cells will form the respiratory membrane in the alveoli.
You are walking barefoot and step on a tack with your right foot. All of the following will occur EXCEPT
A) flexor muscles in your right thigh and leg contract to remove your foot B) reciprocal innervation inhibits extensor muscles in the same limb C) collaterals of sensory neurons stimulate alpha motor neurons that cause extension in the opposite limb D) collaterals of interneurons stimulate a crossed extensor reflex
A 56-year-old woman has worked in a photography shop developing film for the past 20 years. She has a long history of shortness of breath and chronic cough, which have progressively become worse
Her FEV1 and FVC values were reduced but her FEV1/FVC ratio was within the normal range. Her diffusion capacity as measured by DLCO was low at 15 mL/min/mm Hg. A bronchoalveolar lavage and tissue biopsy were performed. The lavage sample revealed high numbers of macrophages but of abnormal appearance and high numbers of dead macrophages. What type of pathology would you expect to find? A. peribronchial inflammation with eosinophils B. granulomatous-like lesion in the terminal bronchioles with interstitial fibrosis and large foamy macrophages C. interstitial edema fluid accumulation with neutrophil infiltrate D. emphysematous lesion with large alveoli and minimum interstitial fibrosis