A patient with a history of command hallucinations approaches the nurse yelling obscenities. Which nursing actions are most likely to be effective in de-escalation for this scenario? Select all that apply
a. Stating the expectation that the patient will stay in control
b. Asking the patient, "Do you want to go into seclusion?"
c. Telling the patient, "You are behaving inappropriately."
d. Offering to provide the patient with medication to help
e. Speaking in a firm but calm voice
ANS: A, D, E
Stating the expectation that the patient will maintain control of behavior reinforces positive, healthy behavior and avoids challenging the patient. Offering as-needed medication provides support for the patient trying to maintain control. A firm but calm voice will likely comfort and calm the patient. Belittling remarks may lead to aggression. Criticism will probably prompt the patient to begin shouting.
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