Discuss major risk factors in the development of osteoporosis. What population groups are most at risk? What dietary measures are advocated for high-risk groups?
What will be an ideal response?
Female gender
Older age (>50 yr)
Small frame
Caucasian, Asian, or Hispanic/Latino
Family history of osteoporosis or fractures
Personal history of fractures
Estrogen deficiency in women (amenorrhea or menopause, especially early or surgically induced); testosterone deficiency in men
Sedentary lifestyle
Diet inadequate in calcium and vitamin D
Diet excessive in protein, sodium, caffeine
Cigarette smoking
Alcohol abuse
Low body weight
Certain medications, such as glucocorticoids, aluminum- containing antacids, and antiseizure drugs
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Which form of iron is best absorbed?
A) Heme B) Non-heme C) Iron found in milk D) Iron found in vegetables
A severely malnourished patient on TPN has altered electrolyte levels, hyperglycemia, and fluid retention. The nurse recognizes that the patient may be experiencing:
a. aspiration. b. gallbladder disease. c. fatty liver. d. refeeding syndrome.
Why should individuals on anticoagulation medication avoid excess vitamin E?
What will be an ideal response?
While at rest, skeletal mucles metabolize more glucose than fat for energy.
a. true b. false