Alcohol ______________.
a. -related offenses account for about 10 percent of police activities in large cities.
b. is a suppressant, relieving anxiety and impairing the brain's control center.
c. dependency is more likely in cultures where access to alcohol is carefully controlled.
d. dependency is hereditary, with nearly 90 percent of alcoholics having a family history of problem drinking
Answer is c. dependency is more likely in cultures where access to alcohol is carefully controlled.
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Schedules of reinforcement are defined as the
a. types of reinforcers used, whether primary or secondary. b. effects of reinforcers used, whether positive or negative. c. plans for determining which responses will be reinforced. d. informational feedback provided by the reinforcers used.
Cindy has pumped over $850,000 into a small business that has consistently lost money every year it has been open. She reasons that she has to continue investing time and money in her business because she's "already put so much into it" (instead of selling the business and cutting her losses). Cindy's reasoning illustrates:
A) rational economic theory. B) the conjunction fallacy. C) the sunk-cost fallacy. D) the law of demand.
An important distinction between classical and operant conditioning is that:
a. classical conditioning involves voluntary responding, while operant conditioning involves involuntary responding. b. classical conditioning involves reinforcement, while operant conditioning involves punishment. c. classical conditioning involves cognitive learning, while operant conditioning involves associative learning. d. responding does not affect the presentation of stimuli in classical conditioning, but in operant conditioning responding has consequences.
In United States v. Booker (2005), the Supreme Court decided that the mandatory federal sentencing guidelines
A. were constitutional. B. were not constitutional. C. should be advisory. D. B and C