A patient has been told that her unborn child has Down syndrome. Which information will the nurse include when teaching the patient about the etiology of this disorder?
1. "Down syndrome is the most common type of trisomy, which occurs when there is an extra chromosome.".
2. "Most Down syndrome is caused by monosomy.".
3. "Down syndrome occurs as a result of breaks in chromosomes called translocations.".
4. "Deletions or loss of part of a chromosome is a common cause of Down syndrome.".
1
Rationale 1: Trisomy refers to the presence of a third or extra chromosome instead of the normal pair of a particular chromosome. The most common type of trisomy in infants is trisomy 21 or Down syndrome.
Rationale 2: Monosomy refers to the presence of only one chromosome instead of the normal pair of chromosomes. It is not the cause of Down syndrome.
Rationale 3: Translocations occur when there are breaks in two or more chromosomes with reattachments in new combinations. This is not the etiology of Down syndrome.
Rationale 4: Structural rearrangements of chromosomes may result from deletions or loss of a chromosome segment or piece. This is not the etiology of Down syndrome.
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