Discuss the development of marine plants to primitive land-based plants to vascular plants to sphenopsids to

gymnosperms. What changes in plant structures were required to make this transition? What will be an ideal response?


The development of vascular systems allowed land plants to move away from low, moist
areas into areas that were drier and further from direct water sources. Vascular systems
allowed plants to avoid desiccation. Many of these early vascular plants were seedless and
reproduced by spores. Examples of these seedless vascular plants are the sphenopsids and the
lycopsids, which inhabited many coal swamps in the Pennsylvanian Period. The development
of seeds by the gymnosperms allowed plants to live in much drier environments because they
did not require water to reproduce.

Environmental & Atmospheric Sciences

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Describe and discuss the carbonate deposits expected in different parts of an organic reef environment. Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s)

Environmental & Atmospheric Sciences

Sand dunes are found along coasts in which the sand is transported ________.

A. from inland areas toward the sea B. from the beach toward the sea, from the beach toward inland areas, and from inland areas toward the sea C. from the beach toward inland areas and from inland areas toward the sea D. from the beach toward the sea E. from the beach toward inland areas

Environmental & Atmospheric Sciences

Human activities do not play a role in mass wasting.

Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)

Environmental & Atmospheric Sciences

In the spirit of science, science-oriented people must be willing to consider ideas

A. of other regions. B. that are unpopular. C. they dislike. D. they cherish.

Environmental & Atmospheric Sciences