When caring for addicted clients, the nurse would recognize that chronic use of which of the following commonly abused substances can result in downregulation of brain dopamine receptors?
a. alcohol
b. hallucinogens
c. inhalants
d. methamphetamines
D
Chronic use of methamphetamines leads to downregulation of brain dopamine receptors. This means that users experience diminished pleasure responses to normal activities and can achieve pleasure primarily through repeated use of methamphetamines. The effect of downregulation is often coupled with changes in the frontal lobes that may interfere with drug-related decision making, and when present, may increase the likelihood of relapse.
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You find a patient on the floor at shift change. She is awake and alert. She is confused now and was not confused prior to the being found on the floor. What is your first step in the nursing process in this situation?
A. Leave the patient to get help. B. Gather more information by making observations about the patient. C. Call the patient's MD from your cell phone. D. Help the patient get up and then document your findings in the chart.
How long does the initial stage of an HIV infection usually last?
a. 2 to 4 weeks b. 4 to 8 weeks c. 8 to 12 weeks d. 12 to 16 weeks
A patient is being evaluated for a kidney transplant. Which individual is most likely the best candidate to donate this organ?
1. A live donor from a donor bank 2. Live kidney transplant from the patient's spouse 3. Cadaver kidney transplant 4. Live kidney transplant from a brother
Condoms should be used in pregnancy by:
1. unmarried pregnant women. 2. women at risk for acquiring or transmitting sexually transmitted infections. 3. all pregnant women. 4. women at risk for candidiasis.