(a) Explain in detail how bainite differs from martensite, and from pearlite.

(b) How do upper and lower bainite differ?


Solution:
(a) A detailed answer to this question may be found on Page 6.13 of the text, starting on Line 7 and will not be repeated here.
(b) Upper bainite normally contains the ferrite elements in the form of very small laths or plates, with carbide layers in between the ferrite components. Lower bainite has a coarser, more regular and needlelike shaped structure, in which the carbides lie inside the ferrite plates. The carbides in upper bainite are basically cementite, whereas in lower bainite the carbides are frequently epsilon carbide. Evidence has also been produced which indicated that the two forms of bainite involve basically different reactions when they form from the austenite.

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