According to New York Times v. Sullivan, a public official must prove ______ to sustain a libel claim.

A. defamation
B. falsehood
C. actual malice


C. actual malice

Criminal Justice

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Report writers may rely on computer spell-check programs to ensure the appropriateness of words used in a computer-generated report

Indicate whether the statement is true or false

Criminal Justice

The view, according to Akers, that both deviant and conventional behaviors are learned is called:

a. differential association theory. b. labeling theory. c. social reaction theory. d. differential reinforcement theory.

Criminal Justice

Jails differ from lockups in that lockups, commonly located in city halls or police stations, are a. controlled by the Federal Bureau of Prisons

b. authorized to hold individuals up to 30 days. c. temporary holding facilities. d. subject to a low turnover rate.

Criminal Justice

Which of the following is true regarding the use of the insanity defense in this case?

a. In addition to the burden of proving the elements of the offense, the prosecution bears the additional burden of proving the defendant is not insane. b. With increasing public awareness regarding mental illnesses, the insanity defense has become more commonly presented and is often successful. c. The defense bears the burden of proving the defendant's insanity, often an expensive proposition. d. If acquitted, Joe will likely spend less time in a mental facility than in jail or prison.

Criminal Justice