During the focused interview, the client answers the nurse's questions. Which statements by the client suggest that the client has an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease? Select all that apply
1. "I have been stressed out since my divorce last year."
2. "I'm what you call a Type C personality."
3. "I went on this new diet because I gained 30 pounds in the last 9 months."
4. "On my new diet, I can eat only grains and vegetables."
5. "I think about my job all of the time."
Correct Answer: 1, 3, 4, 5
Psychosocial problems and excessive stress can increase the stimulation of the client's sympathetic nervous system, thereby increasing the client's risk for developing cardiovascular disease. Obesity and a high percentage of body fat are risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Weight gain may accompany physical problems including systemic diseases such as diabetes, which increases this client's risk for developing cardiovascular disease. The nurse must note if the client has been dieting to reduce weight. Many diets deplete valuable electrolytes and subject the client to potential complications. Muscle wasting may occur if the diet is deficient in protein. Lack of protein may compromise cardiac function. Type A personalities tend to develop cardiovascular disease more often than people with other personality types.
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