Prepared learning is considered to be on a continuum. At one end, an instinctive
behavior pattern is compatible with the task to be learned. At the other is incompatibility.
Lever pressing in pigeons to obtain food is
(a) at the compatible end (b) about the middle of the continuum
(c) at the incompatible end (d) not on the continuum
C
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One shortcoming with the trait theory is its insistence that:
A. behavior is consistent across all situations B. personality traits have a strong genetic basis C. the Big Five traits are valid D. the situation can change behavior
Positive reinforcement is to ____ as negative reinforcement is to ____
a. ?praise; spanking b. ?conditioning to increase a behavior; conditioning to decrease a behavior c. ?classical; operant d. ?addition of something pleasant; removal of something unpleasant
What is at the core of the concept of self-efficacy?
A. Analyzing one’s capability to reach their desired goal. B. A belief that you can accomplish what you want. C. The view that good things will happen to you. D. An understanding that a bad outcome is subjective.
In Bekhterev’s major book, Objective Psychology, he incorporated Pavlov’s conditioning model but with a different emphasis. Which of the following exemplifies Bekhterev’s emphasis?
a. Leg flexion following an electric shock to the foot b. Leg extension after the knee is struck with a reflex hammer c. Response to electric shock administered through surgically-inserted fistulas d. Salivation in response to food or associated stimuli