The first stage of West's (2012) intellectual development is:
a. Absolute thinking
b. Personal thinking
c. Rules based thinking
d. Evaluative thinking
A
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An internal validity threat in which the researcher's expectations concerning the outcome of an experiment actually contribute to producing certain outcomes is known as the ____ effect
a. Hawthorne b. John Henry c. Diffusion d. Pygmalion e. Experimenter effect
The serial (Von Neumann) computer is not the only possible computational metaphor for the
mind. Another computational device that has interesting implications for models of cognition is the connectionist (parallel processing) machine. It is attractive in part because: a. it helps to explain how the capacity parameters of STM and LTM can be so radically different. b. it leads to a model that is consistent with dual code theory. c. it is effective in showing how procedural knowledge can become automatic with practice. d. it seems to conform to the distribution of knowledge utilizing a neuron-like architecture.
A well-structured literature review:
a. contains highly detailed descriptions of each work chosen for inclusion in the review. b. begins with those studies most closely related to the research problem, then opens up to a broader perspective. c. begins with broad/general information, then narrows the focus to those studies most closely related to the research problem. d. contains general summaries of each work chosen for inclusion in the review.
The key distinction between positive and negative reinforcement is:
a. The effect on behavior. b. The stimulus change with positive reinforcement has a discrete onset and offset, where the stimulus change with negative reinforcement does not. c. The stimulus change with negative reinforcement has a discrete onset and offset, where the stimulus change with positive reinforcement does not. d. The type of stimulus change that occurs following a response.