Which of the following is an abnormal finding in a male child?
A. Gynecomastia during puberty
B. Undescended testicles at 3 months
C. Enlarged scrotum during infancy
D. None of the above
ANS: D
Observe the location of the urethral meatus. Hypospadias is a congenital defect that causes the meatus to be on the ventral surface of the penis, and epispadias results in dorsal placement of the meatus. Palpate the scrotum for the presence of testes; cryptorchidism is the term for an undescended testicle. If the testes are not immediately palpable in the scrotum but can be "milked" down into the scrotum, consider them descended. If one or both testes are undescended at 1 year of age, referral to a specialist is indicated. Male newborns frequently have an enlarged scrotum as a normal finding. Gynecomastia may be normal in males during puberty. It usually occurs during Tanner stages II and III and may last up to 2 years. Gynecomastia typically presents as a small, tender oval mass directly under the areola that may measure up to 2 to 3 cm.
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