Voluntary associations share common traits in that they ______.
a. operate under Congressional and federal authority
b. tend to form naturally and without any logical reason
c. are granted articles of incorporation by the state
d. get their rights to organize from the 1st Amendment
d. get their rights to organize from the 1st Amendment
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Program evaluators seek to estimate the causal effect of a program (X) on an outcome (Y) using observational data. The evaluators attempt to adjust their estimate for common causes (Z) that influence both X and Y. In this evaluation, the common causes (Z) are best described as
a. Intervening variables b. Independent variables c. Control variables d. All of the above
In the United States, responsibility for national defense lies primarily with
A. the individual states. B. the federal government C. local governments D. international governmental organizations (IGOs)
What does Waltz's observation about the variation among countries in the "zone of globalization" lead him to conclude?
a. The variation between countries inside the zone and those outside is growing. b. Globalization is a prediction about the future, not a statement about the present. c. The variation between those countries inside and those that remain outside will create the conditions for future conflict. d. There is little variation among countries within the zone, but there are huge differences between these and countries outside the zone. e. Globalization leads to greater heterogeneity among and between countries
How do race and ethnicity play a major role in shaping political beliefs and public opinion? Support your response with specific examples.
What will be an ideal response?