Joe, Meagan, Allison, and Timothy are ordering a pizza. Someone—no one remembers who—says “let’s have anchovies on it.” Joe thinks “gross” but says “okay.” Meagan isn’t paying any attention. Allison thinks “I hate anchovies, but I can just pick them off.” And Timothy thinks “If that is what Joe wants, then okay.” The group gets a pizza no one likes or wants to eat. This outcome illustrates
a. sunk cost thinking.
b. the loss leader effect.
c. groupthink.
d. group-serving attributions.
e. the Abilene paradox.
e. the Abilene paradox.
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Kelly's initial clients were:
a. middle-aged women with severe depression. b. students who were referred by their teachers for counseling. c. emotionally disturbed soldiers during World War II. d. maladjusted patients in a psychiatric ward.
Which statement is NOT a valid criticism of Skinner's theory of language acquisition?
A) Grammar is rarely explicitly taught. B) Language expression cannot be shaped by approximations. C) Children generate many more grammatically correct sentences than what they could possibly hear. D) Overgeneralization of grammatical rules suggests that trial-and-error grammar learning is not occurring.
A client tells his behavioral therapist that he has a goal of jogging for 30 minutes every other day. The therapist helps the client create a system by which he rewards himself first for putting on jogging clothes and doing any kind of exercise for any length of time, then for jogging for 5 minutes, then for jogging for 15 minutes, and ultimately for jogging for 30 minutes. This technique is best
described as a. shaping. b. behavioral instruction. c. time-out. d. a token economy.
Taking a day off, vacations, and pay raises can all have positive effects on burnout, but why are these methods for reducing employee burnout typically short lived?
A) They raise employee expectations for happiness. B) Employees come to resent employers using these incentives to manipulate them. C) These methods do not typically address the cause of problem. D) Burnout is an inevitable part of most jobs.