What liabilities are placed on states or person, by international conventions, for causing environmental damage?

What will be an ideal response?


There are a few conventions that impose liability on persons who cause damage to the environment. These conventions, in general, define the nature of the liability, the persons who are liable, and the extent of their liability. Thus, with respect to damage resulting from the use of nuclear materials, the operators of nuclear installations are made "absolutely and exclusively" liable for any damage they cause. This includes continuing liability for damage that occurs while nuclear materials are being transported by ship from one installation to another. States parties are allowed to set liability limits, but these can be no less than 5 million U.S. gold-based dollars. Similar rules apply to marine oil pollution. The operators of oil tankers or other ships that pollute the ocean with oil are liable "regardless of fault or negligence" up to a maximum limit of 59.7 million Special Drawing Rights (about U.S. $76.5 million), depending on the tonnage of the ship. Victims who suffer damages exceeding this amount can seek additional compensation from an International Fund for Compensation of Oil Pollution Damage.

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Both wholesalers and equipment manufacturers/suppliers can be used as sources of funds.

Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)

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Many financial reports produced by organizations are nondiscretionary–publicly traded firms have no choice but to prepare income statements, tax returns, etc. Management reporting is often called discretionary reporting because it is not mandated, as is financial reporting. Is this a valid statement? Why or why not?

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When parties make international agreements, they can incorporate as a term of the agreement their choice of which nation's court will hear any disputes arising under the agreement

Indicate whether the statement is true or false

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Your pension plan has two alternative payout methods. The first is a lump sum of $300,000 on your 65th birthday. The second is ordinary annuity with the first payment on your 66th birthday and the last payment on your 85th birthday

If the interest rate is 10.5%, then what size annuity payment would equate the value of the two alternatives? A) $36,447.98 B) $35,911.96 C) $37,059.21 D) $35,237.89 E) $34,687.32

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