Why is treatment fidelity such a major concern in intervention research?
a. If treatment fidelity is not maintained, it has a direct influence on statistical conclusion validity and power analysis, especially when samples are large.
b. The project team may differ about how an intervention is applied, and these varying ways of application must be discussed before marketing can occur.
c. Intervention research can take place over many months. It is important for internal validity that the intervention be applied in the same way every time.
d. Interventions, especially those involving products that are centered in the health care realm, must reflect the ethical standards of the profession.
ANS: C
Treatment fidelity has to do with the accuracy, consistency, and thoroughness in how an intervention is delivered according to the specified protocol, treatment program, or intervention model. Strict adherence to treatment specifications must be evaluated on an ongoing basis during the course of a study. Intervention fidelity is "defined as the adherent and competent delivery of an intervention by the interventionist as set forth in the research plan," and this fidelity is of utmost importance to the inference of the study's internal validity in intervention-based research. Treatment fidelity is important in the conduct of all intervention-based research, but it is especially critical for complex interventions such as those involving information dissemination, social support, counseling, and other interventions intended to bring about changes in health behaviors and psychosocial outcomes.
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