The ratio of which isotopes in foramnifera shells correlates directly with the temperature when that shell was formed?
What will be an ideal response?
Oxygen (18O/16O)
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A tautomer is an uncommon form of DNA base that naturally exists along with the common form
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
Explain the difference between an absolute and a relative refractory period. What will be an ideal response?
What is the main structural difference between enveloped and nonenveloped viruses?
A) Enveloped viruses have their genetic material enclosed by a layer made only of protein. B) Nonenveloped viruses have only a phospholipid membrane, while enveloped viruses have two membranes, the other one being a protein capsid. C) Enveloped viruses have a phospholipid membrane outside their capsid, whereas nonenveloped viruses do not have a phospholipid membrane. D) Both types of viruses have a capsid and phospholipid membrane; but in the nonenveloped virus the genetic material is between these two membranes, while in the enveloped virus the genetic material is inside both membranes.
Bootstrap resampling:
a. can be used with any technique for phylogenetic inference. b. can only be used with the model-based frameworks of maximum likelihood or Bayesian inference. c. does not yield statistical significance levels. d. can determine how strongly our character data support a given feature of a phylogenetic tree. e. A and C.