The ratio of which isotopes in foramnifera shells correlates directly with the temperature when that shell was formed?

What will be an ideal response?


Oxygen (18O/16O)

Biology & Microbiology

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A tautomer is an uncommon form of DNA base that naturally exists along with the common form

Indicate whether the statement is true or false

Biology & Microbiology

Explain the difference between an absolute and a relative refractory period. What will be an ideal response?

Biology & Microbiology

What is the main structural difference between enveloped and nonenveloped viruses?

A) Enveloped viruses have their genetic material enclosed by a layer made only of protein. B) Nonenveloped viruses have only a phospholipid membrane, while enveloped viruses have two membranes, the other one being a protein capsid. C) Enveloped viruses have a phospholipid membrane outside their capsid, whereas nonenveloped viruses do not have a phospholipid membrane. D) Both types of viruses have a capsid and phospholipid membrane; but in the nonenveloped virus the genetic material is between these two membranes, while in the enveloped virus the genetic material is inside both membranes.

Biology & Microbiology

Bootstrap resampling:

a. can be used with any technique for phylogenetic inference. b. can only be used with the model-based frameworks of maximum likelihood or Bayesian inference. c. does not yield statistical significance levels. d. can determine how strongly our character data support a given feature of a phylogenetic tree. e. A and C.

Biology & Microbiology