Random assignment of participants to groups increases the probability
A) that all participants will finish the experiment.
B) that the groups are equivalent at the beginning of the study.
C) that the groups are equivalent at the end of the study.
D) that the groups are different from one another.
Answer: B
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The doctrine of _____ has historically imposed some limits on intergovernmental taxation
a. implied consent b. dual sovereignty c. indirect recovery d. reciprocal immunity
A state in which severe restrictions are placed on the activities of individuals and groups who want to participate in the political system would most appropriately be characterized as __________.
A. a republic B. constitutional C. authoritarian D. dictatorial
Which best describes the difference between total preemption and partial preemption?
a. In partial preemption, state regulatory standards need to be as least as stringent as those of the federal government.
b. In partial preemption, states can determine which regulatory standards need to match that of the federal government.
c. In partial preemption, state law in a particular field is valid as long as it does not conflict with federal law.
d. In partial preemption, state law in a particular field is valid even if the federal government has all regulatory powers in the field.
Proponents of a government that includes a greater role for minor parties might suggest that the United States consider Europe's system of __________
a. delegate elections b. multi-party national conventions c. nonpartisan elections d. proportional representation