Compare and contrast celiac disease, wheat allergy, and non-celiac gluten sensitivity
Wheat allergy and non-celiac gluten sensitivity, in addition to celiac disease, are related to gluten ingestion. Celiac disease is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation of the small intestine due to an inherited sensitivity to the gliadin portion of gluten in wheat, rye, and barley. It is associated with the malabsorption of nutrients, nutrient deficiencies, and an increased risk of other immune disorders. Wheat allergy is an allergic reaction onset within minutes to hours after wheat ingestion; wheat-specific antibodies are identified in serum of individuals with wheat allergy. Non-celiac gluten sensitivity elicits adverse reactions similar to those of celiac disease when gluten is consumed. Unlike celiac disease, non-celiac gluten sensitivity is not an autoimmune disease. Neither wheat allergy nor non-celiac gluten sensitivity are related to damage of the small intestine.
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Which of the following water-soluble vitamins does not produce ill effects if consumed in excess?
A) Niacin B) Vitamin B6 C) Vitamin C D) Vitamin B12
When results of a study show correlation, we conclude that there is a relationship between two or more factors, but that the factors do not establish nor address cause and effect.
a. true b. false
Factors that favor absorption of iron include:
a. vitamin A. b. vitamin C. c. zinc. d. intestinal flora.
Because infants' kidneys are immature, no more than 20% of their daily energy should come from
A. starches. B. protein. C. sugars. D. fats.