Discuss the issues relating to cybercrime/computer/high technology/electronic crime units at the state and local level.

What will be an ideal response?


As departmental size decreases, so does the probability that such units exist. These "poor cousins" and larger agencies both face barriers to establishing and growing an effective computer-, cyber-, or electronic-crimes unit, because: (1) the needs for, and benefits of, an electronic crimes unit are not well understood; (2) many local agencies cannot alone afford to provide adequate office space, purchase the necessary hardware and software, or dedicate and train the staff required; (3) administrators are reluctant to engage in the hard and uncertain work of recruiting qualified information technology partners from industry and the academic community; (4) support for such units is often nonexistent or low, especially for administrators who are trying to meet more basic service delivery needs; (5) the inability to fully staff such units means that where they do exist, their mission may be restricted to a few crimes-for example, identity theft, child pornography, online child predators, cyberbullying and stalking, and non-delivery of merchandise ordered online-because the "unit" consists of a single officer; (6) it is difficult to retain trained and experienced officers; (7) existing laws may be inadequate; and (8) prosecutorial expertise may be lacking.
Of necessity, many local agencies depend on the computer-crime expertise of their state investigative agency, state police, or state patrol. These state agencies are often staffed with a combination of officers trained in computer-crime investigation and civilian information technology specialists. In addition to a staff located at headquarters, qualified personnel are usually located within troop commands or other geographical districts. These agencies also operate TFs, as do State Attorney Generals and local prosecutors. A number of local agencies have also cooperated in founding their own units, the services of which are shared.

Criminal Justice

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What will be an ideal response?

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Indicate whether the statement is true or false

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_______________ can be either general or specific. It is general when it is intended to cause vicarious learning whereby observers see that offenders are punished for a given crime and therefore themselves are discouraged from committing a like mannered crime due to fear of similar punishment. It is specific when the punishment is inflicted upon a specific offender in the hope that the particular offender will be discouraged from committing future crimes.

a. Deterrence b. Retribution c. Rehabilitation d. Incapacitation

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In the late 18th century, he was a professor of medicine at the University of Pennsylvania and also one of the earliest critics of alcohol consumption:

a. Benjamin Rush b. Lyman Beecher c. Upton Sinclair d. Edward Huntington Williams

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