Playing the lottery (in which winning is infrequent) is an example of a __________ schedule of reinforcement
a. fixed-interval
b. fixed-ratio
c. variable-interval
d. variable-ratio
Answer: D
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Which of the following is a fundamental assumption of tests yet is unfounded?
a. Test results are valid and can be interpreted independently of environmental and subject variables during testing. b. Test users are objective and typically make accurate clinical predictions. c. Computer administration of tests decreases bias and thus increases validity. d. Human characteristics are stable and can be measured independently of the environment.
Allen is an alcoholic who feels no guilt about his alcohol consumption. He regularly engages in reckless behavior, including getting into fights and spending money that he doesn't have. What else is likely true of Allen?
A. He has late-onset alcoholism. B. His alcoholism is likely due to being raised in a home with other alcoholics. C. He has type 1 alcoholism. D. His alcoholism is likely due to genetics.
Since college serves as a "developmental testing ground," a time for devoting full attention to exploring alternative values, roles, and behaviors, many students enter the cognitive developmental stage of
A) postformal thought. B) postmoral justification. C) ethical dilemmas. D) experience-dependent brain growth.
Emme selectively attends to and better recalls emotionally positive over negative information. Emme has the ability to maximize positive emotion and dampen negative emotion. This ability is known as
A) gerotranscendence. B) ego differentiation. C) ego transcendence. D) affect optimization.