The nurse is teaching a community class on risk factors for heart disease. Which fact should be included about the effects of stress on the heart?
A) Hostility and anxiety are risk factors for heart disease.
B) Psychosocial stress has a protective effect on the heart.
C) A positive emotional state is a risk factor for heart disease.
D) Psychosocial stress is not a risk factor for acute myocardial infarction.
A) Hostility and anxiety are risk factors for heart disease.
Explanation: A) The presence of increased levels of hostility and anxiety are associated with the incidence of coronary artery disease, and individuals whose personality is characterized by increased negative affect are more likely to experience increased cardiovascular mortality and morbidity.
B) Psychosocial stress has been found to be a major contributing factor to acute myocardial infarction.
C) Positive emotional states are associated with lower levels of aortic calcification and were associated with a lowered risk of ischemic events.
D) Psychosocial stress has been found to be a major contributing factor to acute myocardial infarction.
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