. Explain what is meant by the statement that personality has consistency and stability.
What will be an ideal response?
Ans: Consistency in personality suggest that an individual’s observable qualities and characteristics can lead to predictions about a person’s future behavior. Stability in personality is also related to consistency and allows predictions to be made about a person’s behavior.
Learning Objective: 1-2: Describe the four major types of knowledge relevant to the study of personality.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Three Principles Explaining Personality
Difficulty Level: Medium
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When Billie takes her son, Joel, to the park one day, he demands to be held and does not want to get down to play on the equipment. When another young mother comes over and strikes up a conversation with Billie, Joel hides his head in his mother's skirt, and refuses to play with the other woman's child. Eventually, Billie leaves Joel with the other woman briefly so she can buy drinks for all of
them at the concession stand. Joel screams and cries, and is inconsolable. Joel's attachment relationship with his mother is best characterized as a. secure. b. resistant. c. avoidant. d. disorganized-disoriented.
Which of the following best describes Kohlberg's pre-conventional level of moral reasoning?
a. Moral reasoning is based on the individual's own independent judgments rather than on what others view as wrong or right. b. What is right is whatever agrees with the rules established by tradition and by authorities. c. Rules should be obeyed to avoid punishment from those in authority. d. Moral reasoning is based on perceptions of the likelihood of external rewards and punishments.
Which of the following does NOT support drive-reduction theory?
a. getting some food when you are hungry b. going to sleep when you are tired c. getting something to drink when you are thirsty d. going jogging when you are bored
Identify a reason for using staged manipulation.
A. to create some physiological state in confederates B. to keep all extraneous variables under control C. to simulate some situation that occurs in the real world D. to manipulate a dependent variable with relative simplicity