______ is/are considered a community risk factor for health and behavioral problems in juveniles.
A. Neighborhood disorganization
B. Association with other delinquents
C. Community instability
D. Both neighborhood disorganization and community instability
D. Both neighborhood disorganization and community instability
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Discretion is
a. unlawful b. impersonal c. lacking in effect d. personal
Probation is a penal option which:
a. has only been applied to individuals, not to organizations b. has traditionally been applied to individuals, but has more recently been applied to organizations c. has traditionally been regarded as especially inappropriate for individual white collar offenders d. has been demonstrated to be highly effective when applied to organizations
Law enforcement's paramilitary SWAT teams stand for:
a. Special Warfare and Tactics b. Special Weapons and Tactics c. Secretive Weapons and Tactics d. Special Weapons and Targets
All of the following are reasons to examine criminological theories of crime EXCEPT ______.
a. producing punishment b. preventing crime c. guiding criminal justice research projects d. understanding research findings