Dorothy suffered a serious stroke that destroyed neurons in the swallowing center of her brain. This damage to her brain would prevent _____.
A. mastication
B. secretion of saliva
C. peristalsis
D. elevation of the soft palate
E. bolus formation by her tongue
Clarify Question
· What is the key concept addressed by the question?
· What type of thinking is required?
Gather Content
· What do you know about swallowing? What other information is related to the question?
Choose Answer
· Given what you now know, what information is most likely to produce the correct answer?
Reflect on Process
· Did your problem-solving process lead you to the correct answer? If not, where did the process break down or lead you astray? How can you revise your approach to produce a more desirable result?
C. peristalsis
Clarify Question
· What is the key concept addressed by the question?
o The question asks about swallowing.
· What type of thinking is required?
o You are being asked to apply your knowledge about swallowing.
Gather Content
· What do you know about swallowing? What other information is related to the question?
o Many vertebrates have teeth (figure 47.6), used for chewing, or mastication, that break up food into small particles and mix it with fluid secretions like saliva. When food is ready to be swallowed, the tongue moves it to the back of the mouth. In mammals, the process of swallowing begins when the soft palate elevates, pushing against the back wall of the pharynx (figure 47.7). Elevation of the soft palate seals off the nasal cavity and prevents food from entering it. Pressure against the pharynx triggers an automatic, involuntary response, the swallowing reflex. Because it is a reflex, swallowing cannot be stopped once it is initiated. Neurons within the walls of the pharynx send impulses to the swallowing center in the brain. In response, electrical impulses in motor neurons stimulate muscles to contract and raise the larynx (voice box). This pushes the glottis, the opening from the larynx into the trachea (windpipe), against a flap of tissue called the epiglottis. These actions keep food out of the respiratory tract, directing it instead into the esophagus. Swallowed food enters a muscular tube called the esophagus, which connects the pharynx to the stomach. The esophagus actively moves a processed lump of food, called a bolus, through the action of muscles by peristalsis.
Choose Answer
· Given what you now know, what information is most likely to produce the correct answer?
o Mastication is chewing and bolus formation by the tongue are voluntary motions. Saliva secretion responds to food being placed in the mouth. Elevation of the soft palate prevents food from entering the lungs. The correct answer is that the swallowing center controls peristalsis which moves food through the esophagus
Reflect on Process
· Did your problem-solving process lead you to the correct answer? If not, where did the process break down or lead you astray? How can you revise your approach to produce a more desirable result?
o This question asked you to apply. If you got the correct answer, great job! If you got an incorrect answer, where did the process break down? Did you think that chewing was regulated by the swallowing center? Did you think that secretion of saliva was controlled by the brain?
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