Discuss each of the following components when evaluating clinical hypertension: classification of blood pressure, major cardiovascular disease risk factors, identifiable causes of hypertension
Normal blood pressure is classified as <120 mmHg systolic and <80 mmHg diastolic. Stage 1 hypertension is classified as a systolic reading between 140 and 159 mmHg for people age 18-79 and a systolic reading over 150 mmHg for people over 80 years old; and as a diastolic reading between 90 and 99 mmHg. Stage II hypertension is classified as a systolic measurement over 160 mmHg and a diastolic measurement over 100 mmHg. Major cardiovascular risk factors include hypertension, obesity, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, cigarette smoking, physical inactivity, microalbuminuria, eGFR < 60 mL/min, increased age, and a family history of CVD. Identifiable causes of hypertension include sleep apnea, drug-induced states, chronic kidney disease, primary aldosteronism, renovascular disease, Cushing's syndrome, steroid use, pheochromocytoma, coarctation of the aorta, and thyroid disease.
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