One day during the summer you and some friends make ice cream using an electric ice cream maker. To get the ice cream to form, a mixture of salt and ice is packed around the ice cream maker. A few days later you notice a yellow circle of dead grass where the ice cream maker had been placed. You hypothesize that some of the salt and ice mixture spilled onto the grass and ________.
A. was isosmotic to the grass cells causing the yellow circle of dead grass
B. froze the grass
C. was hypoosmotic to the grass cells causing the yellow circle of dead grass
D. was hyperosmotic to the grass cells causing the yellow circle of dead grass
Answer: D
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You are a forester charged with increasing productivity in a South American forest newly planted with pines from Oregon
You believe that the southern forest lacks the fungal diversity needed by the North American pines, and that this lack of fungi is affecting the pines' productivity, but you have no evidence to support your ideas. To count how many fungal species were present in the Oregon forest, which methodology would you choose? A) Count all the plant species and multiply by six, as David Hawksworth did when determining the ratio of fungal to plant species in England. B) Collect all the fruiting structures (mushrooms, morels, etc.) found above ground. C) Do direct sequencing on representative soil samples from across the forest. D) Expose the trees to radiolabeled carbon dioxide and then collect the soil samples with the greatest radioactivity and do direct sequencing.
mRNAs with a short-half life may have a(n):
A. 5me-G cap. B. AU-rich region. C. IRE structure in the 5' UTR. D. GM-CSF coding region.
Conifers produce copious amounts of pollen during reproduction. What would be a likely consequence of a significant reduction in the amount of pollen produced by conifers?
A. There would be little effect because coevolved pollinators would still be able to transfer pollen from the male cones to the appropriate female cones. B. There would be a significant negative effect on the viability of seeds because double fertilization could not occur, so there would be no food available for the growing embryo. C. There would be a decrease in the number of seeds produced because the chances of pollen reaching a female cone of the same species would be reduced. D. There would be a significant decrease in the genetic diversity of embryos, but little effect on the number of seeds as only one pollen grain is necessary to fertilize a single female cone.
In a species of salamander, there are two forms, red and yellow. As the yellow form becomes less common due to predation and the red form more common, the yellow form becomes less likely to be eaten and more likely to survive and reproduce. The yellow form then becomes more common and roles of red and yellow forms reverse. This is an example of
A. disruptive selection. B. balancing selection. C. directional selection. D. negative frequency-dependent selection.