A nurse is teaching parents about diarrhea. Which statement by the parents indicates understanding of the teaching?
a. Diarrhea results from a fluid deficit in the small intestine.
b. Organisms destroy intestinal mucosal cells, resulting in an increased intestinal surface area.
c. Malabsorption results in metabolic alkalosis.
d. Increased motility results in impaired absorption of fluid and nutrients.
D
Increased motility and rapid emptying of the intestines result in impaired absorption of nutrients and water. Electrolytes are drawn from the extracellular space into stool, and dehydration results. Diarrhea results from fluid excess in the small intestine. Destroyed intestinal mucosal cells result in decreased intestinal surface area. Loss of electrolytes in the stool from diarrhea results in metabolic acidosis.
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The nurse is caring for a laboring client. A cervical exam indicates 8 cm dilation. The client is restless, frequently changing position in an attempt to get comfortable. Which nursing action is most important?
1. Leave the client alone so she can rest. 2. Ask the family to take a coffee-and-snack break. 3. Encourage the client to have an epidural for pain. 4. Reassure the client that she will not be left alone.
A patient newly diagnosed with chronic myelocytic leukemia (`) has been prescribed treatment with imatinib. The patient asks the nurse how imatinib works. What would be the nurse's best response?
A) "imatinib alkylates cellular DNA." B) "imatinib inhibits folic acid reductase, leading to inhibition of DNA synthesis and inhibition of cellular replication." C) "imatinib binds to DNA and inhibits DNA synthesis in susceptible cells, causing cell death." D) "imatinib inhibits the enzyme created by the Philadelphia chromosome abnormality in CML."
A client with severe hypoparathyroidism is experiencing tetany. What medication, prescribed by the physician for emergency use, will the nurse administer to correct the deficit?
A) Sodium bicarbonate B) Fludrocortisone (Florinef) C) Calcium gluconate D) Methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol)
Which of the following are examples of muscles that are antagonistic, having opposite functions? (Select all that apply.)
a. Sartorius–quadriceps b. Biceps–triceps c. Quadriceps femoris–hamstrings d. Pectoralis major–latissimus dorsi e. Tibialis anterior–gastrocnemius f. Adductor magnus–latissimus dorsi