The tendency to adapt to a given level of stimulation and thus to notice and react to changes from that level is called the ________.
A. social prestige principle
B. confirmation bias
C. achievement motivation syndrome
D. adaptation-level phenomenon
Answer: D
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In the context of cultural differences in parenting beliefs about education, American parents tend to be more easily satisfied at lower levels of competence than either the Japanese or the Chinese
a) True b) False
Based on the relevant research, which individual is most likely to be chosen as foreperson of a jury?
a. Monica, who works on an assembly line similar to the one the defendant has worked on b. Joey, who sits in a chair situated on the long side of the jury table, close to the middle c. Rachel, who is one of only three jurors who does not say anything during the first few minutes of thedeliberations d. Ross, who is chief of surgery at a local hospital and sits at the head of the table
William James, the father of American psychology, once wrote: "Thinking is for doing." What did he mean by this?
a. The human brain probably developed its current cognitive abilities in large part to enable effective decision-making and to facilitate behavior. b. People typically engage in conscious thought only when engaged in a task (e.g., only when solving a puzzle, trying to construct an argument, or making a decision about something). c. Every behavior that a person engages in implies a particular thought or set of thoughts; researchers can therefore infer thoughts from behaviors. d. Because the primary role of thoughts is simply to plan behaviors, the proper focus of study for psychologists is behaviors themselves (and not thoughts).
Yesterday you asked your friend Ray for a couple of aspirin tablets to relieve your headache. Ray has been taking a psychology course and informs you that, in behavioral terms, aspirin is a ________ reinforcer
a. positive b. negative c. neutral d. variable