When planning care for a trauma patient, which statement does the nurse understand best describes the body's response to stress?
A) The stress response is the result of stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system.
B) The stress response boosts the adaptive immune response.
C) The stress response suppresses the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.
D) The stress response has a negative effect on the endogenous opioid pathway.
A) The stress response is the result of stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system.
Explanation: A) Stress activates various central nervous system pathways, including the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, the sympathetic nervous system, and the endogenous opioid pathway. Activation of these pathways increases the levels of neuroendocrine hormones, which subsequently lead to suppressed innate and adaptive immune responses.
B) Stress activates various central nervous system pathways, including the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, the sympathetic nervous system, and the endogenous opioid pathway. Activation of these pathways increases the levels of neuroendocrine hormones, which subsequently lead to suppressed innate and adaptive immune responses.
C) Stress activates various central nervous system pathways, including the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, the sympathetic nervous system, and the endogenous opioid pathway. Activation of these pathways increases the levels of neuroendocrine hormones, which subsequently lead to suppressed innate and adaptive immune responses.
D) Stress activates various central nervous system pathways, including the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, the sympathetic nervous system, and the endogenous opioid pathway. Activation of these pathways increases the levels of neuroendocrine hormones, which subsequently lead to suppressed innate and adaptive immune responses.
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