PRRs were FIRST observed in phagocytes in Drosophila (where they are called Toll receptors)
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
Answer: TRUE
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Very low concentrations of detergent make membranes leaky to small molecules and ions without damaging proteins. In isolated mitochondria exposed to detergent, the molecules of the electron transport chain and of ATP synthase remain intact
Do you expect ATP synthesis to continue in the presence of low concentrations of detergent? A. Yes, because all enzymes and electron carriers are functional. B. No, because with a leaky membrane, H+ gradient cannot be maintained. C. No, because leaky membranes do not allow NADH and FADH2 to donate their electrons to the electron transport chain. D. because leaky membranes inhibit glycolysis.
Oxidative phosphorylation is the process by which ____
a. high energy NADH is made to supply the cell with its needed energy b. a final electron acceptor is used indirectly to facilitate the production of ATP c. ATP is made using high energy intermediates of cellular respiration d. specific enzymes are regulated to control cellular respiration e. NAD+ is regenerated to allow glycolysis to continue
Which body feature in birds is a necessity to allow powerful flight muscles to operate?
a. a beak b. hollow, light-weight bones c. a cloaca d. an enlarged sternum with a protruding keel to bones of the upper limb. e. keen eyesight
Invertebrates that have the camera-like eye of vertebrates include the __________
a. fly b. earthworm c. lobster d. snail e. octopus