A patient is diagnosed with esophageal reflux. The nurse realizes that the patient has an impairment of which of the following structures?
1. fundus
2. antrum
3. Duct of Wirsung
4. lower esophageal sphincter
4
Rationale: The lower esophageal sphincter has high resting muscle tone at the distal end which prevents gastroesophageal reflux. The patient diagnosed with esophageal reflux would have an impairment of the lower esophageal sphincter. The fundus and antrum are parts of the stomach. The Duct of Wirsung is the main pancreatic duct.
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