A nurse is teaching a group of 65-year-old patients about reducing the risk of osteoarthritis. Which of the following would the nurse discuss as a modifiable risk factor for osteoarthritis? (Select all that apply.)
a. Female sex
b. History of joint injuries
c. Advancing age
d. Drinking one cup of regular coffee a day
e. Obesity
ANS: B, E
Gender and advancing age are nonmodifiable risk factors for osteoarthritis. There is no evidence that coffee or caffeine has any relationship to the development of osteoarthritis.
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