The pathogen can indirectly damage its host by _____
a. the secretion of toxins
b. inducing excessive immune responses
c. the secretion of exoenzymes
b. inducing excessive immune responses
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Which of the following is the best definition of autoimmune disease?
A) a condition in which B cells and T cells respond independently to antigens and do not interact correctly B) a condition in which the adaptive immune system fails to recognize the second infection by the same antigen C) a condition in which self molecules are treated as non-self D) a condition in which the immune system creates random antibodies without being triggered by an antigen
Unlike all other honeybees, worker bees in the South African subspecies Apis mellifera capensis can lay eggs that develop asexually into queens, which makes it possible for them to "nest parasitize" other subspecies of honeybees
This is due to ________. A) the effects of many genes integrated together (epistasis) B) a homeotic mutation of a gene in the Hox cluster C) the appearance of new genes that are paralogous with Hox genes D) a deletion of nine nucleotides in the gemini transcription factor gene E) horizontal gene transfer from a distantly related insect species
Viruses that infect bacteria are:
not known to exist. prions. bacteriophages. composed of only proteins. viroids. .
Low sperm count may result in an insufficient amount of enzyme to clear a path through the ____to the egg plasma membrane.
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).