Compare the great person theory of leadership with the contingency theory of leadership. With which theory would a social psychologist be most likely to agree?
What will be an ideal response?
Answer: The great person theory of leadership maintains that there are certain key personality traits or characteristics (e.g., intelligence, motivation) that make a person a good leader, regardless of the kind of situation confronting the leader; in other words, this theory posits that situations do not make a difference in who is a good leader. The contingency theory of leadership maintains that what makes a good leader depends both on characteristics of the leader (i.e., task-oriented versus relationship-oriented) and on the amount of control and influence the leader has over the group (to some extent, what types of leaders are more effective also depends on gender). Because the contingency theory takes into account both the person and the situation, most social psychologists prefer this theory.
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Explain the dual systems model of risk-taking, and apply it to an understanding of risk-taking in adolescents.
What will be an ideal response?
A sociocultural theorist would agree that:
even an overwhelmed novice can learn new skills. standards must be met regardless of the student's skill level. learning must be active. the same manner of teaching can work for any individual.
Suppose you hear someone say, "Intellectual skill is
maintained, with no psychologically significant loss, until about age 60 or 65, after which there is a small decline." You are convinced that this is an overly optimistic view. Which of the following statements would be your most potent counterargument? a. Cross-sectional data show a decline much earlier than age 60 or 65. b. In longitudinal studies, earlier declines appear for tests that measure speeded or fluid abilities. c. Studies of terminal drop indicate that declines occur only within 5 years of death. d. Declines begin earlier than this for adults with significant health problems.
According to Erik Erikson, young adults typically experience the crisis of:
a. integrity versus despair b. generativity versus stagnation c. trust versus mistrust d. intimacy versus isolation